Monday, December 30, 2019

Cross Cultural Integration International Students and...

This article brings to light need for guidance that international students must obtain in order to conform to the mission statements of higher educational institutions cross-cultural Integration through suitable learning environments and aiding student to succeed in obtaining a higher education is a fundamental requirement of every educational institution,(Delbanco, 2012) but the quality of American higher education since the growth of student campuses is questionable. Using academic journal articles from the Journal of College Student Development, The Journal of Higher Education, and texts from Andrew Delbanco’s College: What it was, and what is should be, I will determine why there needs to be more meaningful guidance for students†¦show more content†¦If institutions do not provide significant surroundings where international students can adapt and conform quickly, the academic community will be responsible for losing an important amount of students that could have helped to enrich the institution as a whole. There are three possible stances when it comes to student engagement. Some evidence indicates that educational institutions require better systems to assist with international student integration and promoting diversity. Other evidence indicates that individual differences contribute to different levels of student engagement. However, it is not possible to identify either side as mainly responsible for the lack of student integration and engagement. It is considered that collaboration between higher education institutions and students can create the best educational system with most supportive and engaging environment (Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education, n.d.) On the other hand, some researchers have conducted studies that have aimed to explore the roles of ethnicity and race in student engagement to investigate if those variables play a role in successful student integration and engagement (Johnson, Crosnoe, Elder Jr., 2001). Although research based on ethnic and racialShow MoreRelatedInternationalization : Motivations And Sources Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesINTERNATIONALIZATION: MOTIVATIONS AND SOURCES Internationalization has become a broad umbrella term that covers many dimensions, components, approaches and activities. It includes credit and degree mobility for students, academic exchange and the search for global talent, curriculum development and learning outcomes, franchise operations and branch campuses, for both cooperation and competition. According to Altbach Knight, (2007), earning money is a powerful stimulus for all internationalizationRead More‘Effects of Globalization and Cross-Cultural Experiences in Education Sector’4106 Words   |  17 Pages‘Effects of Globalization and Cross-Cultural Experiences in Education Sector’ Introduction I wonder if we can assume that the growing trend of people choosing to study abroad is a consequence of globalization. Furthermore I am interested in understanding the globalized educational culture and its’ associated issues on a local and international basis. The main objective of my research is to acquire as much information as possible and develop extensive knowledge of the research subject. ThereforeRead MoreGlobalisation of Higher Education4579 Words   |  19 PagesGLOBALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION- CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Name of Author  Ã‚  :  Ã‚  Himani Gupta   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Designation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  : Lecturer  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organization  Ã‚  Ã‚  : Jagannath International Management School  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Address  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  : K-13 A Khirki Extention, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110017  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   E-mail ID  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  : tinugupta76@yahoo.co.in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GLOBALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION- CHALLENGESRead MoreForeign Students And Other Socio Cultural Contexts Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesAt present there is a growing volume of students who migrate from one Culture to another, which represents a phenomenon that requires understanding the process Of adaptation or acculturation to the different socio-cultural contexts. I will begin by defining the term foreign students, it refers to Individuals who reside voluntarily and temporarily in a country that is not their own in order to participate in the international educational exchange, intending to Return to their country of originRead MoreIntercultural Competence Of International Recruiters37.9088 Words   |  37 PagesINTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECRUITERS 37 Literature Review Studies of intercultural competence over the past thirty years attempt to measure the success or growth of an individual’s knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to other cultures (Sinicrope, Norris Watanabe, 2007). Global learning outcomes such as intercultural communication skills, intercultural adaptability, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural maturity, and intercultural competence are skills that universitiesRead MoreIntercultural Leadership6009 Words   |  25 PagesJournal of International Business and Cultural Studies Educating global leaders: Exploring intercultural competence in leadership education Irving, Justin A. Bethel University Abstract The globalization of the world has brought about massive shifts over the past two decades. With the increase of international travel, the quantum leaps in global communication brought about by the World Wide Web and the increasingly interdependent global economy, the way leaders and organizations approachRead MoreThe University Of Mississippi State University Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesnursing, business, counseling and psychology. Over 70 percent of students are Mississippi residents. Every year, over 20,000 students attend the university. The six-year graduation rate is around 60 percent and the annual retention rate is around 80 percent. The Shackouls Honors College helps over 1,300 academically impressive students take small, exclusive classes. There are around 1,200 faculty members and a total of 4,300 staff. The student to faculty ratio is 20 to one. The main campus has over 730Read MoreInternational Enrollment At A Small Liberal Arts College2542 Words   |  11 Pageslocated in Ashland, WI, has made the decision to increase international enrollment at both the undergraduate and graduate level. The decision was created to increase financial stability and international enrollment. The increase in enrollment is meant to increase diversit y and to improve global awareness on campus for all students. The VP for Student Affairs is concerned about creating a campus environment that will enable international students to be academically and socially successful and she wantsRead MoreDefinition Of A World Class University Essay2114 Words   |  9 Pages1.1 General Definition of a World-Class University Identifying the definition of â€Å"a world-class university† is still an ongoing process. Meanwhile, it has become a â€Å"catch phrase† that encourages the purpose of promoting higher educational quality and global competition in the marketplace of tertiary education (Salmi, 2009, p. 3). Altbach (2004) mentions that although a concise definition of a world-class university has not yet been accomplished, there has been much attention to it globally. FurthermoreRead MoreAndrew Carnegie vs. Sam Walton904 Words   |  4 PagesNancy Lee Walton near Kingfisher, Oklahoma. They lived on a small farm but when that was proven non-profitable they moved out of Oklahoma to many towns across Missouri. Sam Walton was the starting quarterback for his football team and was an honors student. He attended the University of Missouri, where he majored in Economics. After a few setbacks Sam decided he wanted to own his own department store. His dream came a reality in the fall of 194 5 when he purchased a store in Newport, Missouri with

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Oral Cancer Essay example - 1251 Words

Oral cancer is a devastating disease. Over eight thousand American lives are taken by oral cancer and only a fourth of these patients do not excessively drink alcohol or smoke tobacco, which are the two main causes of oral cancer (The Oral Cancer Foundation). Survival rates for oral cancer could be much higher if the population would take precautionary measures to reduce their chances of being diagnosed with oral cancer. When the use of alcohol and tobacco are decreased, the chances of acquiring oral cancer are also decreased. By visiting the dentist at least once every year, new lesions could be found. Unfortunately, only seven percent of the population, who visits the dentist regularly, receives a thorough oral cancer exam(The Oral†¦show more content†¦Therefore people who drink are at greater risk than those who do not drink. There also appears to be a correlation between both drinking and smoking tobacco and being at a higher risk for oral cancer(Silverman13). Those who abstain from alcohol or drink and smoke separately do not seem to have the same risk as those who together drink and smoke. Besides staying clear of unhealthy consumption of tobacco and alcohol, it is very important to have an oral examination at least once a year, to catch any newly developed lesions that may have gone unnoticed. The dentist will look for any abnormal lumps and sores and red or white patches. Survival rates are higher when cancerous cells are found at early stages (Cutter). Unfortunately, most oral cancers are not discovered early enough. Once the dentist examines the mouth, the dental hygienist, who cleans the teeth, has the opportunity to re-examine the mouth. It is the hygienists duty to notice any peculiar areas in the mouth and bring them to the attention of the dentist. Having both the dentist and hygienist examine the mouth adds a cautionary step in the process of oral examination. If any suspicious lesions are found by the dentist or hygienist, he or she will refer the patient to an oral surgeon. The oral surgeon is a dentist and medical doctor who reviews the case of his referred patients andShow MoreRelatedOral Cancer and its Evolution689 Words   |  3 Pages Cancer that appears in tissues of the mouth or the region of the throat located at the back of the mouth (the oropharynx), is considered to be oral cancer. Oral cancer can affect a majority of regions on your body, including your lips, tongue, the inside of your mouth, your jaws, throat, ears, face, and neck. Cancer starts in cells. Cells make up tissues and tissues make up the bodys organs. As the body needs new cells, normal cells grow and divide to create them. Cells eventually age or getRead MoreInformative Essay On Oral Cancer794 Words   |  4 PagesKyli Shaull Dental Assisting Mrs. Strauss 3 October, 2017 Oral Cancer Essay Musician Terri Clark once said, ‘When someone has cancer, the whole family and everyone who loves them does, too.’ The family and loved ones of someone who is battling cancer feel their grief and pain so deeply that it is as if they too are battling cancer. I know this because I lost my dad to esophageal cancer. I chose oral cancer for the topic of my senior project (a book) because I wanted to create something that couldRead MoreCaring For The Oral Cancer Patient1481 Words   |  6 Pages Caring for the Oral Cancer Patient Sonja Black Brown Mackie College Greenville â€Æ' Oral cancer is considered to be any cancer that affects the head or neck with the exclusion of the brain. According to The Oral Cancer Foundation, over 43 thousand people will be diagnosed with oral cancer yearly and of that number over 8 thousand of these cases will result in death (Hill, Deitz, Sax, 2014, p. para 1). Oral cancer consists of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Kaposi’s sarcomaRead MoreOral Cancer : A General Term For Oral Malignant Tumor1384 Words   |  6 PagesProject Oral Cancer Name of the disease: Oral cancer Name: Siqian Wu Instructor: Tania Afroz, MD Class code: Med-200 Section: MO1 Semester: (Spring, 2016) Name of institution: ASA College Date of submission: 04.12.2016â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Oral cancer is a general term for oral malignant tumor which mostly occurs in the squamous cell, as known as mucosal mutate. In clinical practice, oral cancer include the gums, tongue, soft palate cancer, carcinoma of the mandible, floor of the mouth cancer, oropharyngealRead MoreOral Cancer and Hpv Speech Outline1288 Words   |  6 Pagesclass today, 6 people will die from oral cancer. Three out of the four are men between the ages of 25 and 55. Before being diagnosed, these individuals probable ate a good diet and exercised regularly. Most did not use tobacco products and seldom drank alcohol. II. Oral cancers have been on the rise over the last decade with the amount of cases doubling in the United States alone. It has catapulted oral cancer from 11th on the overall number of cancer cases to number 5. Smoking and drinkingRead MoreThe Influence Of Social Support On Oral Cancer2000 Words   |  8 PagesInfluence of Social Support on Oral Cancer Survivorship Introduction Cancer has been a trending topic for many years. About 14.5 million Americans have been diagnosed with cancer (American Cancer Society, 2014). Women make up more than half of that number, with the most common type being breast cancer. The percentage of people who have been living with cancer for more than five years is 64%, with 15% of those survivors having been diagnosed over 20 years ago (American Cancer Society, 2014). With regardsRead MoreHpv Associated Anal And Oral Cancers1465 Words   |  6 PagesHPV-associated anal and oral cancers are increasing. The reason is still unclear although sexual behavior changes in the general population are postulated as one of the factors. The incidence is drastically higher in specific risk groups, such as men who have sex with men, and HIV-1 infected individuals. Interestingly, anal cancer is predominant in women while a higher incidence of oral cancer is found in men. This review gives a brief summary of epidemic, risk factors, mechanisms , diagnosis, andRead MoreEssay On Oral Cancer1494 Words   |  6 PagesOSCC, the anatomic extent described by size of the primary tumor (T-classification), the lymphatic spread (N-classification) and distant metastases (M-classification) is still considered as the most important prognostic factor. Accurate staging of oral cancer is challenging. The pre-therapeutic anatomic extent (TNM) of the tumor is derived from clinical and radiologic examinations and determines the choice of primary treatment. Tumors must be classified before treatment. On TNM staging, the individualRead MoreOral Cancer Essay6483 Words   |  26 Pagesweakened, the TB can become active (reactivate) and cause infection in the lungs or other parts of the body. * The risk factors for acquiring TB include close-contact situations, alcohol and IV drug abuse, and certain diseases (for example, diabetes, cancer, and HIV) and occupations (for example, health-care workers). * The most common symptoms and signs of TB are fatigue, fever, weight loss, coughing, and night sweats. * The diagnosis of TB involves skin tests, chest X-rays, sputum analysisRead MoreOral Cancer Case Study1396 Words   |  6 Pagescanonical Wnt signaling antagonists in various human cancers, suggests they may function as tumor suppressors (Shi et al, 2007). An interesting finding was that samples that showed increased expression of Wnt pathway antagonists like the sFRP4, sFRP1, DKK1, WIF1 showed downregulated or normal base values of Wnt3A. Moreover, in only 3 patient samples Wnt3A was actually expressed prominently. This can imply that tumour progression in oral cancer among the South Indian population is probably predominated

Friday, December 13, 2019

A Movie Review Free Essays

This film has a compelling story that has various characters that come from different races and background whose lives are intertwined with each other and set in the city of Los Angeles. It shows the racial disrespect and contempt in the city as well as the drug culture. It is a contemporary film that characterizes a group of racially diverse individuals where one will see whites, blacks, Asians and Hispanics. We will write a custom essay sample on A Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each character is portrayed in different racial discrimination situations as an offender at one point in the story and a victim in another. A movie so full of strong racist language and intense confrontations where everyone seems angry and scared of being blatantly discriminated because of their color, yet at the same time each has their own narrow-mindedness that moves them to do the same. The utterances of uncouth words were seemingly done recklessly, inconsiderately or deliberately which somehow leads to violence and crimes.   Anyone, in whichever part of the world, who will watch this movie, can somehow relate to at least one character wherein one shares the same fears, hopes and at times feels impelled to retaliate when pushed to a corner. In one scene, the character named Ria, the Latina detective, had a vehicular mishap with an Asian woman (who mispronounced the word brake as blake) whom she told sarcastically, â€Å"†¦you don’t see my blake lights. See, I stop when I see a long line of cars stopped in front of me. Maybe you see over the steering wheel, you’ll blake too†.   That coming from Ria’s mouth who was also racially discriminated by his own black boyfriend. Several movie reviews has rated this movie with four stars or more.   These movie reviews influence the in some ways help in the success or the failure of a particular movie.   It aids the moviegoers decide whether it is worthy of our time and money to watch or not.   There are reviews that are either made objectively and subjectively. According to Amber Deggans, who writes for the reel reviews, watching the film is like watching a documentary. The rawness of the emotions of the characters touches us deeply. The portrayal of the abusive and racist cop named Officer John Ryan impels us to hate him for his attitude towards the black community yet seeing him comforting his sick father is so contradictory which just shows us that there is always a good side to people. Film makers usually do their utmost to reach the audience and impart to them that there is a need to stop the anger among us but not many were successful in doing this except for this movie. The characterization of each role was ultimately conveyed to the audience.   The performance of the actors was exceptionally done resulting for the film’s message to be thoroughly communicated. Scenes were sometimes so poignant that it becomes hard for the viewer not to be moved especially if at some point in our lives, we may have encountered a relatively similar if not the exact situation as shown in the movie.   Roger Ebert, who is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic and screen writer rated this movie with four stars. As conclusion to his review, Ebert mentioned, â€Å"I don’t expect â€Å"Crash† to work any miracles, but I believe anyone seeing it is likely to be moved to have a little more sympathy for people not like themselves. The movie contains hurt, coldness and cruelty, but is it without hope? Not at all.† Some scenes from this movie give us surprisingly unexpected but realistic glimpses of certain inequities that real people also come across. For a movie that didn’t have ample budget for its production, parts of the movie were quite represented realistically and naturally. Crash strongly depicts a reality that none of us can refute and forces us to face the truth, that each of us carry our own prejudice regardless of which race we belong to.   The social impact of this movie would hopefully lead to a realization of a racist-free community. WORKS CITED Crash. Dir. Paul Haggis. Perfs. Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, Brendan Fraser, Thandie Newton, Terence Howard, Ryan Philippe. DVD. Lions Gate Production. 2005. Deggans, Amber. â€Å"MovieReview†. Frank’s Reel Reviews. 2005.4 December 2007. http://www.franksreelreviews.com/reviews/2005/crash2.htm#review Ebert, Roger. â€Å"Crash: When Racial Worlds Collide†. Chicago Sun Times. 5 May 2005. 4 December 2007. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID= /20050505/REVIEWS/50502001/1023 How to cite A Movie Review, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Policy Assignment Proprietary Rights

Question: Discuss about thePolicy Assignmentfor Proprietary Rights. Answer: In Australia, the doctrine of Aboriginal title based on the Common law is known as the native title, which states that the Australian law has recognised the fact that the indigenous or the aboriginal people have interests and rights to their land that they inherited from their traditional customs and laws (Short 2016). The concept identifies the fact the in certain cases a persisting beneficial statutory interest in respect of the land is held by the local indigenous Australians. The native title can exist at the same time with non-aboriginal proprietary rights and sometimes various indigenous groups are entitled to exercise their native title over the same land. The landmark case for the native title in Australia was Mabo v Queensland [1992]. A year following the recognition of the native title in Mabos case, the recognition of the legislation was formalised with the enforcement of the Native Title Act 1993 by the Australian government. The Act attempted to simplify the legal status of the landholders and the procedures that should be followed in order to claim, recognise and protect the title through the courts. The regulating rule of native title might be regarded as a partial attempt to take the responsibility for the repossession and settlement of Australia. The settlement of Australia has been regarded as a primary concern of the sovereign government and as the transmission of an inheritance an attachment to the order of people, places and of law. On the arrival of the British in Australia from the year 1788, the aboriginals or the indigenous group of people and the British people frequently engaged themselves in conflicts (Gilbert 2016). One of the major sources of such conflicts was the differences between the British Law and the indigenous law. One of the significant conflicts between the Colonial and the Aboriginal groups of Australia may be the criminalisation of the indigenous or the aboriginal group of people in the Northern Territory following the introduction of new statutory regime. From the point of the British, the Aboriginal or the indigenous group of people and the Torres Strait Islander people had no special and binding social organization, no legislations, no government and no rights or interests over the land (Lewis 2014). This caused the British to believe that the since people did not possess the land, the land is considered as terra nullius which implied that the land did not belong to anyone. According to the British, if the land was not in possession of any one, then whoever found it first had the right to exert claim over the land (Laidlaw and Lester 2015). The aboriginals or the indigenous people residing in Australia before the white settlement did not have any law, governments, or courts that would address their disputes and decide punishments (Watson 2014). In fact, the only legal procedure to resolve the disputes was negotiation, which involved majority of the members of the community. In case, certain arguments or disputes are not resolved through negotiation, and then a group of persons settles the same, usually, known as elders. Since the elders were believed to be experienced and possess knowledge of consecrated matters, they were regarded as teachers instead of judges. Some of their offenses include adultery, theft, insult, unauthorised physical assault, non-compliance of the community obligations and negligence towards family etc. The offenders were subject to punishments such as facing the spearmen with only a shield as protection or they were entitled to compensate for their offences. There was not anything as imprisonment or rigorous punishment. After the offender was awarded with the punishments, they resumed their normal life. The issue in question was whether the indigenous group of people were subject to the British laws in the event any dispute arises between themselves. The colonial government and the Western Australian courts were of the opinion that any offenses committed by the aborigines against the Europeans shall be subject to the English law. The issue related to inter se offenses extended to the need to deal with offenses committed by the Aborigines on other aborigines who were dwelling with or employed by settlers of the colony. Initially, the colonial government adopted policies of not interfering or dealing with personal fall outs of the aboriginal group of people simply because it did not involve any Europeans therefore, they were not much concerned about it (Cunneen 2014). There was a growing realisation among both the colonial governments and the courts that the aborigines group of people cannot be treated as British subjects and neither British law can be applied regarding their inter se matters. In R v Ballard in New South Wales (NSW), Ballard murdered another aborigine in central Sydney that was governed by the British law. The question that arose was whether he was amenable to the English law to which the Supreme Court held that it does not have the jurisdiction to deal with the case if the commission of offenses was the direct consequence of any dispute within the tribe that follows the Aboriginal customs. However, if an aborigine has placed himself under the protection of the English law then it would have jurisdiction to adjudicate cases involving the Aboriginals or the indigenous group of people. The other court judges, regarding the applicability of the British laws to inter se offenses committed by the Aborigines, were of opinion that the aboriginal group of natives must give consent, either expressly or impliedly, to the amenability of the English laws to deal with their cases (Lydon and Rizvi 2016). Unless and until, the aborigines give consent to the application of the British laws to acts or offenses committed by the aborigines upon another aborigine, for the purpose of administering justice, under no circumstances the British laws shall interfere with their personal issues irrespective of the fact that such interference is imperative. In the case of R v Murrell [1836], Murrell was charged for murder and his lawyer argued that NSW was neither conquered nor settled or ceded and the aborigines continued to be governed by their own laws from ages. Since the British have come to reside amongst the aboriginals and therefore, it is they who must obey the aboriginals law. Murrell belonged to a tribe that was not subject to the British laws neither he was entitled to receive protection from the British, hence, he was not bound by the British laws. However, the Supreme Court of Australia overruled the decision and held that the Aboriginal group of people were subject to the British laws with respect to inter se offenses. Since the offense had been committed in NSW, which is in possession of England, therefore it shall be dealt with under the British Laws (Russell 2015). The Supreme Court did not make any difference in law between the English people and the aliens as they were entitled to the protection of the British law. Several other judges pointed out the theory of terra nullius and asserted if the Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction then there would be an increase in the crime rate among the aborigines who would persist to commit murders or violence on the streets. The aggrieved persons shall not be entitled to protection under the British laws. The British were of the opinion that the Aborigines were adopted as the subjects of the British people and were entitled to the protection under the British law like any other British subjects. However, at the same time, the aborigines were also subject to the punishments in the event of any infringement of any of the British laws. However, the indigenous group of people must bear in their minds that the British jury or judges were not framing any new legislation but are empowered to administer the legislations that are already existing during that period. While majority of the aboriginal groups attempted to include the newcomers (British people and British laws) into their legal system by extending association, sharing resources, etc. however, the British people failed to accept and act in conformity with the cultural laws of the indigenous group of people. They were not aware of the principle of reciprocity that is, sharing. According to the indigenous people, the English people were greedy and self-centred. They hardly share their resources even after receiving favours from the aborigines (Young, Nielsen and Patrick 2016). Although the Europeans recognised the existence of several aboriginal group, their laws, traditions and customs were not acknowledged by the Europeans. They avoided resistance, genocide and massacres with respect to the application of the terra nullius in order to justify the acquisition of the lands in Australia. The aboriginals failed to make significant resistance against the Europeans (Holland 2017). When the British declared the natives to be subjects of the British law, they were placed in a position where they aware made to be amenable to the British laws of which they were quite ignorant. Moreover, it did not provided the aboriginals with a slightest relief from the injuries they sustained as a result of the Europeans (Medien 2017). They were unable to present any evidence against the atrocities they were subject to, firstly, because they were not acquainted with the legal procedure followed by the British courts and, secondly, the witnesses of such atrocities were the European themselves who would not testify on behalf of the indigenous group. The Europeans denied the alleged complaints made by the indigenous group on the ground that they have conferred upon the aborigines the right to protection under the British laws just like the European people. They denied the fact that the indigenous group was denied fundamental rights and the human rights. Although the aboriginal people were subject to the British laws but they were never allowed to actively participate while framing the laws. The Europeans restricted them to such an extent that they were prevented from exercising their right to vote. The fact that the Aboriginal people were denied justice led to the establishment of Aboriginal Legal Services all over Australia. As the Australian governments follow the English cases as precedents, it is obvious that the aboriginal group of people would not receive adequate recognition. The European settlement has raised a conflict between the two legal systems and two cultures within the same country and they exist even today in certain parts of the country. In order to retain peaceful settlement, it is highly imperative that the legal system of Australia provide adequate recognition to the indigenous group and make necessary attempts to resolve the conflict through the process of reconciliation. Reference List Cunneen, C., 2014. Colonial processes, indigenous peoples, and criminal justice systems. Gilbert, J., 2016.Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights under International Law. Brill. Holland, A., 2017. Paved with good intentions. Terra Nullius, aboriginal land rights and settler-colonial law [Book Review].Law History,4(1), p.172. Laidlaw, Z. and Lester, A. eds., 2015.Indigenous communities and settler colonialism: land holding, loss and survival in an interconnected world. Springer. Lewis, P., 2014. Terra Nullius Amnesiacs: A Theological Analysis of the Persistence of Colonization in the Australian Context and the Blocks to Real Reconciliation. InColonial Contexts and Postcolonial Theologies(pp. 181-199). Palgrave Macmillan US. Lydon, J. and Rizvi, U.Z. eds., 2016.Handbook of postcolonial archaeology. Routledge. Mabo v Queensland [1992] HCA 23 175 CLR 1. F.C Medien, K., 2017. Book Review: Aileen Moreton-Robinson, The White Possessive: Property, Power, and Indigenous Sovereignty. R v Ballard [2004] ALL ER (D) 48 (Dec) R v Murrell [1836] 1 Legge 72 Russell, P.H., 2015.Recognizing Aboriginal title: The Mabo case and Indigenous resistance to English-settler colonialism. University of Toronto Press. Short, D., 2016.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge. Watson, I., 2014.Aboriginal peoples, colonialism and international law: Raw law. Routledge. Young, S., Nielsen, J. and Patrick, J., 2016. Constitutional recognition of first peoples in Australia-theories and comparative perspectives.